Reading:
Romans 3
How
does Paul answer the question, “What advantage, then, is
there in being a Jew, or what value [profit] is there in
circumcision?”
Advantage
or No Difference?
One
might rightly, retort, “That's easy! He says there is much
advantage in every way.” To which I obviously would agree. Paul
does say that. The quandary for me comes when I realize that he
lists only one reason, which turns out not to be so much of an
advantage, and then, he states quite emphatically in 3:9 “there is
no difference.” So much for an advantage. Which is it?
This
question and answer fall into Paul's larger discussion. For our
purposes let's jump into the discussion at Romans 2:8-10 where Paul
declares that there will be wrath, anger, trouble, and distress “for
every human being who does evil: first for the Jew, then for the
Gentile. But glory, honor and peace for everyone who does good: first
for the Jew, then for the Gentile.” Then He explains,
All
who sin apart from the law will also perish apart from the law, and
all who sin under the law will be judged by the law. For it is not
those who hear the law who are righteous in God's sight, but it is
those who obey the law who will be declared righteous. (Romans
2:12-13)
The
problem for everyone is sin for all sin—whether under the law or
apart from the law—and therefore all perish. It is here that
Paul begins the discussion of whether there is an advantage
to being a Jew and having a relationship to God through the law. (I
have highlighted words which correspond to the question of advantage
or profit in our original question from Romans 3:1.)
17Now
you, if you call yourself a Jew; if you rely on the law and brag
[boast] about your relationship to God; 18if
you know his will and approve of what is superior because
you are instructed by the law; 19if you are
convinced that you are a guide for the blind, a
light for those who are in the dark, 20an
instructor of the foolish, a teacher
of infants, because you have in the law the embodiment of
knowledge and truth— 21you,
then, who teach others, do you not teach yourself? You who preach
against stealing, do you steal? 22You who
say that people should not commit adultery, do you commit adultery?
You who abhor idols, do you rob temples? 23You
who brag [boast] about the law, do you dishonor
God by breaking the law? 24As it is written:
"God's name is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you."
(Romans 2:17-24)
Here
Paul, speaking from personal experience, presents a common notion
amongst Jews about their advantages and the profit of
being Jews. They would, at least in their thoughts, boast about
their superior knowledge which led to superior positions: guide,
light, instructor, teacher. Why? Because they had the law, which
is the embodiment of knowledge and truth. So Paul strikes right at
the core of their advantages by saying, “You who brag about the
law (i.e. all the superiority you have because of the law), do you
dishonor God by breaking the law?” (Romans 2:23)
Then
in Romans 2:25-29, Paul informs us that the advantage of circumcision
only applies to those who observe the law (obey it!), for those
who break it become as though they had not been circumcised to begin
with. Real Jewishness is not about outward circumcision, but heart
circumcision which is done not by the law, but by the Spirit.
All
of this precedes the question and seeming answer of Romans 3:1-2.
What
advantage, then, is there in being a Jew, or what value is there in
circumcision? Much in every way! First of all, they have been
entrusted with the very words of God.
The
problem with stopping there is 1) it seems to contradict what
precedes it, and 2) he seems to dismantle that answer in
verses 3-8 as he sets out to show that apart from faith, the
law (the very words of God) actually judges them. And then in Romans
3:9, Paul's conclusion is stated:
What
shall we conclude then? Are we any better? Not at all! We have
already made the charge that Jews and Gentiles alike are all under
sin.
Then
in Romans 3:10-18, Paul lays out what I believe is the most
scathing report on the human condition ever penned. It is only
rivaled by Genesis 6:5-6, which led to the destruction of mankind by
the flood, and the sparing of a remnant by grace in Noah. Paul uses
emphatically declares there is “no one righteous, not even one,”
“no one who seeks God,” “All have turned away,” “become
worthless,” there is “no one who does good, not even one,”
and “there is no fear of God before their eyes.”
Then
we are told that this is said about those Jews who had the
“advantage” of receiving the law (Romans 3:19). So much
for their advantage and profit. In context this does not mean
they are worse off than Gentiles, but on a equal playing field. Now
that he has said this, the “whole world” is held accountable to
God.
Advantage
Excluded in the Gospel
Then
Paul presents the Gospel (Romans 3:21-26) in what is one of the most
glorious synopses of the Gospel in Scripture. He speaks of a
righteousness which is “through faith in Jesus Christ to all who
believe.” Why? Because “there is no difference,
for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God...”
(Romans 3:22-23).
In
verse 27, Paul picks the theme of boasting or advantages back up,
having now been adjusted by the Gospel.
27Where,
then, is boasting?
It is excluded.
On what principle? On that of observing the law? No, but on that of
faith. 28For
we maintain that a man is justified by faith apart from observing the
law. 29Is
God the God of Jews only? Is he not the God of Gentiles too? Yes, of
Gentiles too, 30since
there is only one God, who will justify the circumcised by faith and
the uncircumcised through that same faith. 31Do
we, then, nullify the law by this faith? Not at all! Rather, we
uphold the law. (Romans 3:27-31)
The
whole issue of advantages seems to have disappeared. Why? Because
it is by faith. God was never only a local God. God has always been
the God of both the Jews and Gentiles. The purpose of the Law was to
lead to Christ to save the world. It was never just to save the Jews
or the circumcised.
This
raises the question of whether or not this faith nullifies
the law. Paul's answer is, “absolutely not!” for as Romans
4:1-25 will demonstrate, the whole point of the covenant with Abraham
and all that followed was faith. It is fairly obvious in reading the
law that it was really all about faith in God's provision of mercy
all along. All the sacrifices clearly indicated that God was
providing for the sin of His people. Clearly they would be
lawbreakers in need of sacrifice, and they would need to trust God
for the provision for their sin. So faith was the whole purpose of
the law to begin with.
An
Advantage After All
Is
there no advantage to being a Jew? Was there no advantage to
being part of God's people and included by circumcision under the Old
Covenant? There is indeed an advantage in having received the very
words of God. Faith cannot come apart from hearing. And having
received the very words of God, they could have faith, and through
faith be saved. The fact that so many didn't have faith doesn't
nullify the advantage that having heard, they were extended an
advantage. (Romans 10:14-18).
Love
the Gospel, Live the Gospel, Advance the Gospel,
Jerry